The Stock Exchange, Mumbai, popularly known as "BSE" was established in 1875 as "The Native Share and Stock Brokers Association". It is the oldest one in Asia, even older than the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which was established in 1878. It is a voluntary non-profit making Association of Persons (AOP) and is currently engaged in the process of converting itself into demutualised and corporate entity. It has evolved over the years into its present status as the premier Stock Exchange in the country. It is the first Stock Exchange in the Country to have obtained permanent recognition in 1956 from the Govt. of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956.
The Exchange, while providing an efficient and transparent market for trading in securities, debt and derivatives upholds the interests of the investors and ensures redressal of their grievances whether against the companies or its own member-brokers. It also strives to educate and enlighten the investors by conducting investor education programmes and making available to them necessary informative inputs.
A Governing Board having 20 directors is the apex body, which decides the policies and regulates the affairs of the Exchange. The Governing Board consists of 9 elected directors, who are from the broking community (one third of them retire ever year by rotation), three SEBI nominees, six public representatives and an Executive Director & Chief Executive Officer and a Chief Operating Officer.
The Executive Director as the Chief Executive Officer is responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Exchange and he is assisted by the Chief Operating Officer and other Heads of Departments.
The Exchange has inserted new Rule No.126 A in its Rules, Bye-laws & Regulations pertaining to constitution of the Executive Committee of the Exchange. Accordingly, an Executive Committee, consisting of three elected directors, three SEBI nominees or public representatives, Executive Director & CEO and Chief Operating Officer has been constituted. The Committee considers judicial & quasi matters in which the Governing Board has powers as an Appellate Authority, matters regarding annulment of transactions, admission, continuance and suspension of member-brokers, declaration of a member-broker as defaulter, norms, procedures and other matters relating to arbitration, fees, deposits, margins and other monies payable by the member-brokers to the Exchange, etc.
Turnover on the Exchange
The average daily turnover of the Exchange during the financial year 2000-2001 (April-March), was Rs.3984.19 crores and the average number of daily trades was 5.69 lakhs.
The average daily turnover of the Exchange in the subsequent two financial years, i.e., 2001-02 & 2002-03, has declined considerably to Rs. 1248.15 crores and Rs. 1251.29 crores respectively.
The average number of daily trades recorded during 2001-02 and 2002-03 numbered 5.17 lakhs and 5.63 lakhs respectively.
The average daily turnover and average number of daily trades during the quarter April-June 2003 were Rs. 1101.05 crores and 5.70 lakhs respectively.
The ban on all deferral products like Borrowing & Lending of Securities Scheme (BLESS) and Automated Lending & Borrowing Mechanism (ALBM) in the Indian capital markets by SEBI w.e.f. July 2, 2001, abolition of account period settlements, introduction of Compulsory Rolling Settlements in all scrips traded on the Exchanges w.e.f. December 31, 2001, etc. have adversely impacted the liquidity in the market and consequently there is a considerable decline in the average daily turnover at the Exchange as reflected in above statistics.
